Nucleic Acids

- Nucleic Acids are polymers formed for monomer called nucleotides
- Nucleotide contains nitrogenous base, 5 carbon pentose sugar, phosphate group
- The nitrogen bases in DNA are: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
- In RNA, thymine is replaced by Uracil
- Single ring are pyramidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil)
- Two rings are purines (adenine, guanine)

DNA is short form for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- it's the genetic code for proteins and life functions
- 2 nucleotide strands: A+T, C+G are linked by hydrogen bonds forming a double helix
- DNA are antiparallel

RNA is short form for Ribonucleic Acid
- RNA carries the protein code from nucleus to ribosome during PRO synthesis
- 1 nucleotide strand: A, U, C, G
- mRNA is messenger
- tRNA is transfer

ATP is short form for Adenosine Triphosphate
- it's a monomer
- it's a nucleotide
- its energy for molecule of cells
- ATP -> ADP + P + Energy

Nucleotide Coenzymes
- 3 types: NAD+, FAD, NADP+
- it moves H+ ions and electrons around
- drives chemical reactions

Neucleosome: structure responsible for the compactness of chromosome. each nucleosome consists of a sequence of DNA wrapped around a core of protein.

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA):
- molecular component of ribosome (cell's essential protein factory)
- it makes polypeptides which make up proteins

- Ribosomes are made of RNA + Proteins

Phosphodiester bond
- covalent bond joining 3' hydroxyl of sugar of ribonuleotide to 5' hydroxyl of the adjacent sugar